vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
vmstat [options] [delay [count]]
vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, disks and cpu activity.
The first report produced gives averages since the last reboot. Additional reports give information on a sampling period of length delay. The process and memory reports are instantaneous in either case.
The delay between updates in seconds. If no delay is specified, only one report is printed with the average values since boot.
Number of updates. In absence of count, when delay is defined, default is infinite.
Display active and inactive memory, given a 2.5.41 kernel or better.
The -f switch displays the number of forks since boot. This includes the fork, vfork, and clone system calls, and is equivalent to the total number of tasks created. Each process is represented by one or more tasks, depending on thread usage. This display does not repeat.
Displays slabinfo.
Display the header only once rather than periodically.
Displays a table of various event counters and memory statistics. This display does not repeat.
Report disk statistics (2.5.70 or above required).
Report some summary statistics about disk activity.
Detailed statistics about partition (2.5.70 or above required).
Switches outputs between 1000 (k), 1024 (K), 1000000 (m), or 1048576 (M) bytes. Note this does not change the block (bi/bo) fields, which are always measured in blocks.
Append timestamp to each line
Wide output mode (useful for systems with higher amount of memory, where the default output mode suffers from unwanted column breakage). The output is wider than 80 characters per line.
Display version information and exit.
Display help and exit.
Procs
r: The number of runnable processes (running or waiting for run time).
b: The number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete.Memory These are affected by the --unit option.
swpd: the amount of swap memory used.
free: the amount of idle memory.
buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
cache: the amount of memory used as cache.
inact: the amount of inactive memory. (-a option)
active: the amount of active memory. (-a option)Swap These are affected by the --unit option.
si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).IO
bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).System
in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.CPU These are percentages of total CPU time.
us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, included in idle.
st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Prior to Linux 2.6.11, unknown.Reads
total: Total reads completed successfully
merged: grouped reads (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors read successfully
ms: milliseconds spent readingWrites
total: Total writes completed successfully
merged: grouped writes (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors written successfully
ms: milliseconds spent writingIO
cur: I/O in progress
s: seconds spent for I/Oreads: Total number of reads issued to this partition
read sectors: Total read sectors for partition
writes : Total number of writes issued to this partition
requested writes: Total number of write requests made for partitioncache: Cache name
num: Number of currently active objects
total: Total number of available objects
size: Size of each object
pages: Number of pages with at least one active objectvmstat does not require special permissions.
These reports are intended to help identify system bottlenecks. Linux vmstat does not count itself as a running process.
All linux blocks are currently 1024 bytes. Old kernels may report blocks as 512 bytes, 2048 bytes, or 4096 bytes.
Since procps 3.1.9, vmstat lets you choose units (k, K, m, M). Default is K (1024 bytes) in the default mode.
vmstat uses slabinfo 1.1
/proc/meminfo
/proc/stat
/proc/*/statfree(1), iostat(1), mpstat(1), ps(1), sar(1), top(1)
Does not tabulate the block io per device or count the number of system calls.
Written by Henry Ware.
Fabian Frédérick (diskstat, slab, partitions...)