ip show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels
ip-address protocol address management
ip-addrlabel protocol address label management
ip-fou Foo-over-UDP receive port configuration
ip-gue Generic UDP Encapsulation receive port configuration
ip-l2tp L2TPv3 static unmanaged tunnel configuration
ip-link network device configuration
ip-macsec MACsec device configuration
ip-maddress multicast addresses management
ip-monitor state monitoring
ip-mptcp MPTCP path manager configuration
ip-mroute multicast routing cache management
ip-neighbour neighbour/arp tables management.
ip-netconf network configuration monitoring
ip-netns process network namespace management
ip-nexthop nexthop object management
ip-ntable neighbour table configuration
ip-route routing table management
ip-rule routing policy database management
ip-sr IPv6 Segment Routing management
ip-tcp_metrics management for TCP Metrics
ip-token tokenized interface identifier support
ip-tunnel tunnel configuration
ip-vrf run a command against a vrf
ip-xfrm transform configuration
ipp-usb Daemon for IPP over USB printer support
iptunnel Create and manage IP tunnels
isosize output the length of an iso9660 filesystem
ispell-autobuildhash Autobuilding the ispell hash file for some dicts
iw show / manipulate wireless devices and their configuration
iwconfig configure a wireless network interface
iwevent Display Wireless Events generated by drivers and setting changes
iwgetid Report ESSID, NWID or AP/Cell Address of wireless network
iwlist Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
iwpriv configure optionals (private) parameters of a wireless network interface
iwspy Get wireless statistics from specific nodes
kbdrate reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time
kernel-install Add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and from /boot
killall5 send a signal to all processes.
kmod Program to manage Linux Kernel modules
lastlog reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user
ld-linux dynamic linker/loader
ld-linux.so dynamic linker/loader
ld.so dynamic linker/loader
ldattach attach a line discipline to a serial line
ldconfig configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
lnstat unified linux network statistics
loadunimap load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
locale-gen generates localisation files from templates
logrotate rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
logsave save the output of a command in a logfile
losetup set up and control loop devices
lowntfs-3g Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
lpadmin configure cups printers and classes
lpinfo show available devices or drivers (deprecated)
lpmove move a job or all jobs to a new destination
lsblk list block devices
lsinitramfs list content of an initramfs image
lslocks list local system locks
lsmod Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel
lsns list namespaces
lsof list open files
lspci list all PCI devices
lsusb list USB devices
make-ssl-cert Debconf wrapper for openssl
mandb create or update the manual page index caches
mapscrn load screen output mapping table
tc-matchall traffic control filter that matches every packet
mii-tool view, manipulate media-independent interface status
tc-mirred mirror/redirect action
mk_modmap translate a Linux keytable file into an xmodmap file
mkdosfs create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mke2fs create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs build a Linux filesystem
mkfs.bfs make an SCO bfs filesystem
mkfs.cramfs make compressed ROM file system
mkfs.exfat create an exFAT filesystem
mkfs.ext2 create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext3 create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext4 create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.fat create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mkfs.minix make a Minix filesystem
mkfs.msdos create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mkfs.ntfs create an NTFS file system
mkfs.vfat create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mkhomedir_helper Helper binary that creates home directories
mkinitramfs low-level tool for generating an initramfs image
mklost+found create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux second extended file system
mkntfs create an NTFS file system
mkswap set up a Linux swap area
ModemManager mobile broadband modem management daemon
modinfo Show information about a Linux Kernel module
modprobe Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
mount mount a filesystem
mount.cifs (unknown subject)
mount.fuse3 configuration and mount options for FUSE file systems
mount.lowntfs-3g Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
mount.nfs mount a Network File System
mount.ntfs Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
mount.ntfs-3g Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
mount.smb3 (unknown subject)
mountstats Displays various NFS client per-mount statistics
tc-mpls mpls manipulation module
tc-mqprio Multiqueue Priority Qdisc (Offloaded Hardware QOS)
nameif name network interfaces based on MAC addresses
tc-nat stateless native address translation action
tc-netem Network Emulator
netstat Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships
newusers update and create new users in batch
nfsiostat Emulate iostat for NFS mount points using /proc/self/mountstats
nfsstat list NFS statistics
nft Administration tool of the nftables framework for packet filtering and classification
nftables Administration tool of the nftables framework for packet filtering and classification
nologin politely refuse a login
nstat network statistics tools.
ntfs-3g Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
ntfs-3g.probe Probe an NTFS volume mountability
ntfscat print NTFS files and streams on the standard output
ntfsclone Efficiently clone, image, restore or rescue an NTFS
ntfscluster identify files in a specified region of an NTFS volume.
ntfscmp compare two NTFS filesystems and tell the differences
ntfscp copy file to an NTFS volume.
ntfsdecrypt decrypt or update NTFS files encrypted according to EFS
ntfsfallocate preallocate space to a file on an NTFS volume
ntfsfix fix common errors and force Windows to check NTFS
ntfsinfo dump a file's attributes
ntfslabel display/change the label on an ntfs file system
ntfsls list directory contents on an NTFS filesystem
ntfsprogs tools for doing neat things with NTFS
ntfsrecover Recover updates committed by Windows on an NTFS volume
ntfsresize resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss
ntfssecaudit NTFS Security Data Auditing
ntfstruncate truncate a file on an NTFS volume
ntfsundelete recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume.
ntfsusermap NTFS Building a User Mapping File
ntfswipe overwrite unused space on an NTFS volume
p11-kit Tool for operating on configured PKCS#11 modules
pam-auth-update manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles
pam_access PAM module for logdaemon style login access control
pam_cap PAM module to set inheritable capabilities
pam_chksshpwd Checks to see if SSH is available using the default password
pam_cifscreds PAM module to manage NTLM credentials in kernel keyring
pam_debug PAM module to debug the PAM stack
pam_deny The locking-out PAM module
pam_echo PAM module for printing text messages
pam_exec PAM module which calls an external command
pam_faildelay Change the delay on failure per-application
pam_faillock Module counting authentication failures during a specified interval
pam_filter PAM filter module
pam_ftp PAM module for anonymous access module
pam_getenv get environment variables from /etc/environment
pam_group PAM module for group access
pam_issue PAM module to add issue file to user prompt
pam_keyinit Kernel session keyring initialiser module
pam_lastlog PAM module to display date of last login and perform inactive account lock out
pam_limits PAM module to limit resources
pam_listfile deny or allow services based on an arbitrary file
pam_localuser require users to be listed in /etc/passwd
pam_loginuid Record user's login uid to the process attribute
pam_mail Inform about available mail
pam_mkhomedir PAM module to create users home directory
pam_motd Display the motd file
pam_namespace PAM module for configuring namespace for a session
pam_namespace_helper Helper binary that creates home directories
pam_nologin Prevent non-root users from login
pam_permit The promiscuous module
pam_pwhistory PAM module to remember last passwords
pam_rhosts The rhosts PAM module
pam_rootok Gain only root access
pam_securetty Limit root login to special devices
pam_sepermit PAM module to allow/deny login depending on SELinux enforcement state
pam_setquota PAM module to set or modify disk quotas on session start
pam_shells PAM module to check for valid login shell
pam_succeed_if test account characteristics
pam_systemd Register user sessions in the systemd login manager
pam_time PAM module for time control access
pam_timestamp Authenticate using cached successful authentication attempts
pam_timestamp_check Check to see if the default timestamp is valid
pam_tty_audit Enable or disable TTY auditing for specified users
pam_umask PAM module to set the file mode creation mask
pam_unix Module for traditional password authentication
pam_userdb PAM module to authenticate against a db database
pam_usertype check if the authenticated user is a system or regular account
pam_warn PAM module which logs all PAM items if called
pam_wheel Only permit root access to members of group wheel
pam_xauth PAM module to forward xauth keys between users
paperconfig configure the system default paper size
parted a partition manipulation program
partprobe inform the OS of partition table changes
partx tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions
paxctld Daemon to automatically apply appropriate PaX flags
tc-pedit generic packet editor action
tc-pfifo_fast three-band first in, first out queue
pidof find the process ID of a running program.
tc-pie Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced AQM algorithm
ping send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
ping4 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
ping6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
pivot_root change the root filesystem
pklocalauthority PolicyKit Local Authority
plipconfig fine tune PLIP device parameters
plymouth A graphical boot system and logger
plymouth-set-default-theme A graphical boot system and logger
plymouthd The plymouth daemon
tc-police policing action
polkit Authorization Framework
polkitd PolicyKit daemon
poweroff Halt, power-off or reboot the machine
tc-prio Priority qdisc
pwck verify integrity of password files
pwconv convert to and from shadow passwords and groups
pwunconv convert to and from shadow passwords and groups
rarp manipulate the system RARP table
raw bind a Linux raw character device
rdma RDMA tool
rdma-dev RDMA device configuration
rdma-link rdma link configuration
rdma-resource rdma resource configuration
rdma-statistic RDMA statistic counter configuration
rdma-system RDMA subsystem configuration
readprofile read kernel profiling information
reboot Halt, power-off or reboot the machine
tc-red Random Early Detection
regdbdump parse and print out regulatory rules file
remove-default-ispell remove default ispell dictionary
remove-default-wordlist remove default wordlist
remove-shell remove shells from the list of valid login shells
request-key handle key instantiation callback requests from the kernel
resize2fs ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
resizecons change kernel idea of the console size
resizepart tell the kernel about the new size of a partition
resolvconf a framework for managing multiple DNS configurations
rfkill tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices
rmmod Simple program to remove a module from the Linux Kernel
rmt remote magnetic tape server
rmt-tar remote magnetic tape server
rngd Check and feed random data from an entropy source (e.g. hardware RNG device) to an entropy sink (e.g. kernel entropy pool)
route show / manipulate the IP routing table
routef flush routes
routel list routes with pretty output format
rpc.gssd RPCSEC_GSS daemon
rpc.idmapd NFSv4 ID <-> Name Mapper
rpc.sm-notify send reboot notifications to NFS peers
rpc.statd NSM service daemon
rpc.svcgssd server-side rpcsec_gss daemon
rpcbind universal addresses to RPC program number mapper
rpcdebug set and clear NFS and RPC kernel debug flags
rpcinfo report RPC information
rsyslogd reliable and extended syslogd
rtacct network statistics tools.
rtcwake enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
rtkitctl Realtime Policy and Watchdog daemon control
rtmon listens to and monitors RTnetlink
rtpr replace backslashes with newlines.
rtstat unified linux network statistics
run-parts run scripts or programs in a directory
runlevel Print previous and current SysV runlevel
tc-sample packet sampling tc action
saned SANE network daemon
savelog save a log file
select-default-ispell select default ispell dictionary
select-default-wordlist select default wordlist
service run a System V init script
setarch change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags
setcap set file capabilities
setfont load EGA/VGA console screen font
setkeycodes load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries
setlogcons Send kernel messages to console N
setpci configure PCI devices
setvesablank Turn VESA screen blanking on or off
setvtrgb set the virtual terminal RGB colors
tc-sfb Stochastic Fair Blue
sfdisk display or manipulate a disk partition table
tc-sfq Stochastic Fairness Queueing
sftp-server OpenSSH SFTP server subsystem
sgdisk Command-line GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator for Linux and Unix
showconsolefont Show the current EGA/VGA console screen font
showmount show mount information for an NFS server
shutdown Halt, power-off or reboot the machine
tc-simple basic example action
tc-skbedit SKB editing action
tc-skbmod user-friendly packet editor action
tc-skbprio SKB Priority Queue
slattach attach a network interface to a serial line
sln create symbolic links
sm-notify send reboot notifications to NFS peers
ss another utility to investigate sockets
ssh-keysign OpenSSH helper for host-based authentication
ssh-pkcs11-helper OpenSSH helper for PKCS#11 support
ssh-sk-helper OpenSSH helper for FIDO authenticator support
sshd OpenSSH daemon
start-stop-daemon start and stop system daemon programs
statd NSM service daemon
sudo execute a command as another user
sudo_logsrvd sudo event and I/O log server
sudo_plugin Sudo Plugin API
sudo_sendlog send sudo I/O log to log server
sudoedit execute a command as another user
sudoreplay replay sudo session logs
sulogin single-user login
svcgssd server-side rpcsec_gss daemon
swaplabel print or change the label or UUID of a swap area
swapoff enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
swapon enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
switch_root switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree
sysctl configure kernel parameters at runtime
systemd-backlight Load and save the display backlight brightness at boot and shutdown
systemd-binfmt Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot
systemd-binfmt.service Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot
systemd-bless-boot Mark current boot process as successful
systemd-bless-boot-generator Pull systemd-bless-boot.service into the initial boot transaction when boot counting is in effect
systemd-bless-boot.service Mark current boot process as successful
systemd-boot-check-no-failures verify that the system booted up cleanly
systemd-boot-check-no-failures.service verify that the system booted up cleanly
systemd-cryptsetup Full disk decryption logic
systemd-cryptsetup-generator Unit generator for /etc/crypttab
systemd-debug-generator Generator for enabling a runtime debug shell and masking specific units at boot
systemd-environment-d-generator Load variables specified by environment.d
systemd-fsck File system checker logic
systemd-fsckd File system check progress reporting
systemd-fsckd.service File system check progress reporting
systemd-fsckd.socket File system check progress reporting
systemd-fstab-generator Unit generator for /etc/fstab
systemd-getty-generator Generator for enabling getty instances on the console
systemd-gpt-auto-generator Generator for automatically discovering and mounting root, /home/, /srv/, /var/ and /var/tmp/ partitions, as wel...
systemd-growfs Creating and growing file systems on demand
systemd-hibernate-resume Resume from hibernation
systemd-hibernate-resume-generator Unit generator for resume= kernel parameter
systemd-hostnamed Daemon to control system hostname from programs
systemd-hostnamed.service Daemon to control system hostname from programs
systemd-hwdb hardware database management tool
systemd-importd VM and container image import and export service
systemd-importd.service VM and container image import and export service
systemd-initctl /dev/initctl compatibility
systemd-initctl.service /dev/initctl compatibility
systemd-initctl.socket /dev/initctl compatibility
systemd-journald Journal service
systemd-journald.service Journal service
systemd-journald.socket Journal service
systemd-localed Locale bus mechanism
systemd-localed.service Locale bus mechanism
systemd-logind Login manager
systemd-logind.service Login manager
systemd-makefs Creating and growing file systems on demand
systemd-modules-load Load kernel modules at boot
systemd-modules-load.service Load kernel modules at boot
systemd-network-generator Generate network configuration from the kernel command line
systemd-network-generator.service Generate network configuration from the kernel command line
systemd-networkd Network manager
systemd-networkd-wait-online Wait for network to come online
systemd-networkd-wait-online.service Wait for network to come online
systemd-networkd.service Network manager
systemd-pstore A service to archive contents of pstore
systemd-pstore.service A service to archive contents of pstore
systemd-quotacheck File system quota checker logic
systemd-quotacheck.service File system quota checker logic
systemd-random-seed Load and save the system random seed at boot and shutdown
systemd-random-seed.service Load and save the system random seed at boot and shutdown
systemd-rc-local-generator Compatibility generator for starting /etc/rc.local during boot
systemd-remount-fs Remount root and kernel file systems
systemd-remount-fs.service Remount root and kernel file systems
systemd-resolved Network Name Resolution manager
systemd-resolved.service Network Name Resolution manager
systemd-rfkill Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change
systemd-rfkill.service Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change
systemd-rfkill.socket Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change
systemd-run-generator Generator for invoking commands specified on the kernel command line as system service
systemd-shutdown System shutdown logic
systemd-sleep System sleep state logic
systemd-socket-proxyd Bidirectionally proxy local sockets to another (possibly remote) socket
systemd-sysctl Configure kernel parameters at boot
systemd-sysctl.service Configure kernel parameters at boot
systemd-system-update-generator Generator for redirecting boot to offline update mode
systemd-sysusers Allocate system users and groups
systemd-sysusers.service Allocate system users and groups
systemd-sysv-generator Unit generator for SysV init scripts
systemd-time-wait-sync Wait until kernel time is synchronized
systemd-time-wait-sync.service Wait until kernel time is synchronized
systemd-timedated Time and date bus mechanism
systemd-timedated.service Time and date bus mechanism
systemd-timesyncd Network Time Synchronization
systemd-timesyncd.service Network Time Synchronization
systemd-tmpfiles Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories
systemd-udevd Device event managing daemon
systemd-udevd.service Device event managing daemon
systemd-update-utmp Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, runlevel changes and shutdown
systemd-update-utmp.service Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, runlevel changes and shutdown
systemd-user-sessions Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logins at shutdown
systemd-user-sessions.service Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logins at shutdown
systemd-veritysetup Disk integrity protection logic
systemd-veritysetup-generator Unit generator for integrity protected block devices
systemd-volatile-root Make the root file system volatile
systemd-volatile-root.service Make the root file system volatile
systemd-xdg-autostart-generator User unit generator for XDG autostart files
tc-taprio Time Aware Priority Shaper
tasksel a user interface for installing tasks
tc-tbf Token Bucket Filter
tc show / manipulate traffic control settings
tc-cbq Class Based Queueing
tc-fq_codel Fair Queuing (FQ) with Controlled Delay (CoDel)
tc-pfifo Packet limited First In, First Out queue
tc-route route traffic control filter
tc-stab Generic size table manipulations
tc-tcindex traffic control index filter
tc-tunnel_key Tunnel metadata manipulation
tc-u32 universal 32bit traffic control filter
tc-vlan vlan manipulation module
tc-xt tc iptables action
tcptraceroute print the route packets trace to network host
tcptraceroute.db print the route packets trace to network host
telinit Change SysV runlevel
tipc a TIPC configuration and management tool
tipc-bearer show or modify TIPC bearers
tipc-link show links or modify link properties
tipc-media list or modify media properties
tipc-nametable show TIPC nametable
tipc-node modify and show local node parameters or list peer nodes
tipc-peer modify peer information
tipc-socket show TIPC socket (port) information
tune2fs adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems
tzselect select a timezone
udevadm udev management tool
udisks Disk Manager
udisksd The udisks system daemon
umount unmount filesystems
umount.nfs unmount a Network File System
umount.udisks2 unmount file systems that have been mounted by UDisks2
unix_chkpwd Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user
unix_update Helper binary that updates the password of a given user
unmkinitramfs extract content from an initramfs image
update-ca-certificates update /etc/ssl/certs and ca-certificates.crt
update-default-aspell rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff
update-default-ispell update default ispell dictionary
update-default-wordlist update default wordlist
update-dictcommon-aspell rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff
update-dictcommon-hunspell rebuild hunspell database and emacsen stuff
update-icon-caches Update wrapper script for the icon caches
update-info-dir update or create index file from all installed info files in directory
update-initramfs generate an initramfs image
update-locale Modify global locale settings
update-mime create or update MIME information
update-passwd safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
update-pciids download new version of the PCI ID list
upowerd UPower Daemon
usbhid-dump dump USB HID device report descriptors and streams
useradd create a new user or update default new user information
userdel delete a user account and related files
usermod modify a user account
validlocale Test if a given locale is available
vcstime Show time in upper right hand corner of the console screen
vigr edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file
vipw edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file
visudo edit the sudoers file
vmstat Report virtual memory statistics
wdctl show hardware watchdog status
wipefs wipe a signature from a device
wpa_action wpa_cli action script
wpa_background Background information on Wi-Fi Protected Access and IEEE 802.11i
wpa_cli WPA command line client
wpa_passphrase Generate a WPA PSK from an ASCII passphrase for a SSID
wpa_supplicant Wi-Fi Protected Access client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant
zdump timezone dumper
zic timezone compiler
zramctl set up and control zram devices